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① David Christian, Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History, 2nd ed. （Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011）, 146.

② Steven Pinker, The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature （New York: Penguin, 2003），63.

③ Chris Scarre, ed., The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies （London: Thames & Hudson, 2005）, 132.

④ Sally McBrearty and Alison S. Brooks, “The Revolution That Wasn’t: A New Interpretation of the Origin of Modern Human Behaviour,” Journal of Human Evolution 39 （2000）：453－563.

⑤ Christian, Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History, 2nd ed. （Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011）, 190.

⑥ Richard Lee, The Dobe !Kung （New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1984），75.