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①  Ji-Hyung Cho, “The Little Ice Age and the Coming of the Anthropocene,”in Barry Rodrigue, Leonid Grinin, and Andrey Korotaev,eds., From the Big Bang to Global Civilization: A Big History Anthology（Berkeley: University of California Press, forthcoming）.

② 重量-功率比是衡量机器引擎性能的标准之一，单位是千克/瓦特，表示每瓦特推动多少重量，比值越小，表明机器的性能越好。——编者注

③ Robert B. Marks, The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Ecological Narrative, 2nd ed. （Lanham, MD: Rowman &Littlefield, 2002）：127-128.

④ Robert W. Strayer, Ways of the World: A Brief Global History, vol. 2 （Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009）：562.

⑤ Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,The Communist Manifesto （New York: Washington Square Press, 1964），57-59, 78-79.